Ohio has a one-year statute of limitations for a patient to file a medical malpractice claim against a negligent health care provider or medical facility. The deadline to file a claim begins on the date the patient first suffered his or her injury, or when he or she should have known through reasonable care that he or she had been injured. However, regardless of when you discovered your injury, you must file a claim within four years of receiving negligent medical treatment. If you fail to meet these deadlines, your claim will likely be denied and you cannot pursue compensation from the at-fault party.